Based on the business risk Audit (BRA) approach, Auditors should define and perceive strategic management control techniques and operating processes to evaluate a business. They should also select risk control processes in vital operating processes to estimate the type and magnitude of residual business risks that might affect the accuracy and fairness of financial statements. In the present study, using a qualitative approach with the help of Grounded theory and in-depth interviews with 31 Auditing experts in 2021 with the titles of partner, members of the Audit organization and members of IACPA specialized working groups, to understand their mental meanings and BRA approach to conduct the Audit was interviewed. In addition, textual data from notes and articles in international professional journals on BRA were used, which mainly provided the views of various experts. The research data were analyzed using open coding method in Grounded theory and major categories, categories, and subcategories (concepts) were extracted. Using a systemic approach that includes inputs, processes, outputs, outcomes and contextual factors, the model of Audit production Efficiency was designed based on the business risk Audit and the categories that emerged were presented. Considering the limited scope of previous research on BRA and especially the lack of comprehensive research in Iran, the designed model, which is multifaceted and the result of the views of various Auditing experts, provides a broad and comprehensive view of Audit production Efficiency based on the business risk Audit that can be used in Audit quality improvement programs, evaluating independent Audit and other macro strategies for the development of Audit methodology in Iran. Given the flaws and shortcomings of Iran’, s current Auditing framework, integrating the BRA approach into the current framework will be promising. At the same time, this approach can prevent over-Auditing due to its proved inherent value. It can also be considered a naturally correct method of Auditing.

Purpose: The digital economy has become a significant growth point in the business world. In this context, digital transformation, which is the foundation of the development of the digital economy, has become an inevitable choice for the survival and sustainable development of companies. Digital transformation will change the organizational risk and information environment and will also bring challenges to the Audit profession. Methodology: This study takes 141 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2023 as a sample to study the impact of a company's digital transformation on Audit Efficiency, considering the role of Audit firms' competence. The research method of the current research is applied and its research design is of semi-experimental type using post-event approach (through past information). In order to test the hypotheses of the research, multivariate linear regression based on panel data was used using EViews software. Findings: The results of this study showed that the higher the degree of organizational digital transformation, the more serious the Audit delay and the lower the Audit Efficiency. Also, when companies are Audited by non-A-rated Audit firms, the impact of a company's digital transformation on reducing Audit Efficiency is more evident. Originality: This study expands the research field of digital transformation and organizational Auditing and provides empirical evidence for improving Audit Efficiency.

This paper assessed the relationship between Auditor-client geographic prox-imity and Audit report lag. Research data include 917 firm-year observations which consist of 131 sample firms listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange over the period 2013 to 2019. Research hypotheses analyzed using multivariate regression models based on panel data with fixed effect and generalized least squares method. The results documented that Auditor-client geographic proximity caused to decrease the Audit report lag. Because such Auditors are able to interact more frequently with the client and obtain client-specific news, which increases their ability to effectively monitor the client; so it lead to decrease the Auditor report lag. According to the findings, some client characteristics, Auditor characteristics, board & Audit committee characteristics had impact on Audit report lag. Modified Audit opinion, board financial expertise, bad news, financial distress position, reporting risk & complexity, external financing and product market competition had direct impact on Auditor report lag; Auditor rotation, Auditor quality rank, Audit committee independence and firm size had inverse impact on Auditor report lag. But Audit fee, board independence, institutional ownership, ownership concentration, Audit committee financial expertise, financial leverage, capital expenditure and loss had no impact on Auditor report lag.

Efficiency is the essence of an organization that can guarantee organizations' stability and survival and is a mechanism for gaining a competitive advantage. Leadership style is a set of attitudes, traits, and skills of managers formed based on the four factors of the value system, trust in employees, the leader's tendencies, and a sense of security in ambiguous situations. Therefore, the present research evaluates Audit firms' organizational Efficiency based on leadership styles (relationship-oriented and task-oriented) in 2019. The variables of organizational identity, individual effectiveness, and organizational commitment have also been used as mediating variables in the research. The present research method is the descriptive-survey type, and the statistical population is the managers of public and private sector Audit firms. Ahmadi Harisi Farahmand's (2015) standard questionnaire was used to measure organizational Efficiency, and a task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership style questionnaire was used to measure leadership style. Data analysis is performed by the structural equation method using SPSS and PLS3 software. Findings show that a significant relationship between relationship-oriented leadership style and organizational Efficiency in the public sector with an acceptable significance coefficient is confirmed. However, it is rejected in private sector Audit firms. In contrast, the existence of a significant and negative relationship between task-oriented leadership style and organizational Efficiency in the private sector with an acceptable significance coefficient is confirmed. However, it is rejected in the public sector.

With regard to limitation of, resources thus, increased importance of investment Efficiency, the relation between Audit quality and investment Efficiency in firms with high investment opportunities, has been investigated in this paper. Generally, investment Efficiency (inEfficiency) means accepting projects with positive net present values and rejecting projects with negative net present values. Investment Efficiency is measured by changes in non-current assets, and changes in long-term investments. Firms with high investment opportunities, is determined by factor analysis on three measures, market-to-book asset, market-to-book equity and gross property, plant and equipment ratio. Results from studying 119 listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange during a period of 2003 to 2009, indicate that firms with high investment opportunities, use high quality Auditors, have experienced high level of investment Efficiency. While, on the contrary to our expectation, high Audit quality, has no effect on decreased manipulation of discretionary accruals.

The most important role of Auditors for capital market activists and investors is assuring on information that presented by managers. The Audited financial statements by high quality Audit firms are more reliable and reflects the true value of the company, experimental results of various investigations show that big Audit companies present high quality Audit services and more financial assurance about the financial statements to the investor. The purpose of this research is surveying effects of factors related to Efficiency of Audit firms such as amount of revenue, employees, and hours spent by the Iranian Audit firms on implementation of risked based Auditing. This research study the relationship between the revenue, number of employees, number of Audit firm’ s projects and hours spent by the Audit firms by implementing the risk-based Auditing in active Audit firms that are members of AICPA between the 2014 and 2016 The needed information extracted from Iranian association of certified public accountant. Independent variables of this investigation included revenue, number of employees, number of Audit firm’ s projects and hours spent and dependent variable was implementation of risk-based Auditing that mark of part 4 in quality control checklist of Iranian association of certified public accountants (IACPA) is consider as criteria of implementing the risk-based Auditing. In accordance with mentioned independent variables 4 research hypothesis were determined and tested through multivariate regression. The results show that there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the independent and dependent variables of this research, which means that by increasing revenue, number of employees, number of Audit firm’ s projects and time spent on Auditing, We can expect that implementation of the Audit to be more desirable which will be more effective on managing of Audit projects implementation, and consequently because of focusing on high-risk areas the Audit report will have sufficient effectiveness.

considering the influential position of the Audit Committee(AC) in the corporate governance system, it is very important to pay attention to the Efficiency and effectiveness of this committee. the purpose of this research is to evaluate the power of generalizability and validity of model of improving the Efficiency and effectiveness of AC, which was extracted using the qualitative research method of grounded theory. during 2022, using quantitative research method and questionnaire tool, the required data was collected from university professors, experts and professional activists. the analysis was based on structural equation modeling. The findings indicate the confirmation of the external and internal reliability and validity of the research model, and the validity of the fit and the predictive power of the model were evaluated at the desired level. In addition, by using the values of the factor loadings and calculating the correlation value of the indicators of a structure with that structure, it was determined that the reliability of the measurement model is acceptable. Also, the impact of six paths arising from the model, including causal, intervening, contextual conditions, strategies and outcomes, which the research hypotheses are based on, were meaningfully confirmed through path analysis tests. Since the findings of this research confirm the effectiveness of the components included in the model for improving the Efficiency and effectiveness of AC, the criteria mentioned in this model provide a clear perspective for evaluating the Efficiency and effectiveness of AC for companies, legislative authorities and professional institutions.

This study is aimed to investigate Audit quality effects on the relation between accounting information quality and investment Efficiency. Audit quality is measured using observable variables of reports type, expertise, and Audit tenure period. The sample consists of 864 year-firm over the period from 2009 to 2017 and the study method is multivariate regression. The results show that the external high quality Audit is a mechanism decreasing challenges from agency costs and improper choice and thus enhancing investment Efficiency, through improving accounting information quality. Also, the results of the research indicate that reducing overinvestment and underinvestment through improving the quality of accounting information is more effective in firms with higher Audit quality.

Purpose: The Audit committee is one of the most important specialized committees of the board of directors that can strengthen the health and quality of financial reporting, improve performance and increase the value of the company. On the other hand, the proper establishment of corporate governance mechanisms such as ownership structure is a key step for the optimal use of resources, promoting accountability, transparency, fairness and the rights of all stakeholders that can be effective in evaluating the operational Efficiency of the company. Methodology: This study investigates the effect of ownership structure on the relationship between the Audit committee effectiveness and the firm operational Efficiency during 2016 to 2022 using the information of 120 selected companies. The study is applied and analytical and correlational in terms of purpose. The research hypotheses were tested using multivariate regression with panel data approach. Findings: The results suggest that an effective Audit committee increases the firm operational Efficiency. Components of the ownership structure, such as institutional and managerial ownership, also increase operational Efficiency and enhance the relationship between Audit committee effectiveness and operational Efficiency. In other words, in companies with stronger institutional and managerial ownership, the Audit committee is more effective and leads to an increase in the company's operational Efficiency. Originality: These results indicate the role of agency theory in reducing information asymmetry by increasing the effectiveness of the Audit committee and ownership structure.